Arrhythmia

An arrhythmia is an abnormal heart rhythm that is either too fast, too slow, or irregular. Some arrhythmias are mild, while others are severe and life threatening. Complications of arrhythmias include chest pain, heart attack, and stroke. Fortunately, arrhythmia treatment is usually successful.

Symptoms of arrhythmia

Arrhythmias can cause the heart to become weak and ineffective at pumping blood. This results in not enough blood getting to your body and organs. Many of the signs and symptoms relate to this decrease in oxygen-rich blood supply. Some people with arrhythmias do not feel any symptoms. 
When symptoms occur, they can include:

• Anxiety
• Chest pain
• Difficulty catching your breath or feeling short of breath
• Dizziness or fainting
• Fluttering or pounding in your chest
• Sweating
• Tiring easily, especially after activity
• Weakness

Call 911 immediately if you experience chest pain, sweating, more shortness of breath than normal, or pale or bluish lips.

Causes of arrhythmia

Arrhythmias result from problems with the heart’s electrical conduction system. There are many types of arrhythmias because problems can develop anywhere along the system. Medical conditions, including diabetes, high blood pressure, electrolyte imbalances, and alcoholism can trigger an arrhythmia.

Other risk factors for developing an arrhythmia include:

• History of heart disease, congestive heart failure, heart attack, or hyperthyroidism
• Lifestyle choices including smoking and excessive exercise
• Stimulant drug use including too much caffeine, herbal drugs, diet medicines, and cocaine and other street drugs

Treatment and prevention of arrhythmia

Treatment and prevention strategies depend on the specific type of arrhythmia and your age and medical history. In general, the goal of treatment is to relieve symptoms, control the heart rhythm, and prevent complications. Medications can be effective in reaching these goals. Sometimes, doctors use cardioversion to return your heart rhythm to normal using either medications or electric shock. There are also devices that can control your heart rhythm, such as pacemakers and implantable defibrillators.

You can help manage your arrhythmia by stopping smoking, managing stress, avoiding stimulant drugs, and using caffeine and alcohol in moderation. Your doctor wants to help you reach your best health, so talk with your doctor if you’re struggling in any of these areas.